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Michael Santos Mrs. Zelnick Period 1 ! Recently, the idea of cheating had gotten much attention in the world of sports entertainment, and politics. Many celebrities have been accused of gaining a competitive edge through dishonest means. While cheating has mainly been publicly condemned, there are many that feel there are times when cheating can acutely be a way of making things better. They believe there is nothing wrong with making oneself a better athlete, entertainer, or politician if what they have done males the even more entertaining, or assist the greater good.A wise philosopher named Susannah Centivre once said, â€Å"Tis my opinion every man cheats in his own way, and he is only honest who is not discovered. † There are times when cheating is not acceptable or is never justi? ed, because everyone cheats, even if it was something little as someone copying homework from someone else. ! To begin with, Not everyone cheats as much as others. Most people cheat because they did not study or they did not do their homework, but there are people who do, do all their responsibilities.Some people rarely cheat, if they really do not know something or they had no time to do something. That is when people start to cheat. It is wrong, but if no one is perfect. Everyone cheats, even if they rarely do it. The people who does not cheat as much as others become successful even more successful than the ones who do, but there are more people who cheat a lot than those who do not. ! Subsequently, if no cheating was strictly ensured most people would not be successful as they would be being able to cheat.Studies show that each new generation gets lazier, and if no cheating was strictly ensured then each new generation would be less successful. With most of the new generations not doing any of their responsibilities, and not being able to cheat, there would be no future for them. With each of the generations not being successful, each upcoming generation would be even worst than the one before. ! Lastly, cheating is wrong, but every single person has cheated at least once. Cheating is what helped some people become that brain surgeon, or rocket scientist.Most people cheat because they were to lazy to study for the test or to lazy to do the homework. Not often that the reason they cheat is because they had no time to study or do the homework. Not everyone cheats all the time but, people still do it to accomplish a goal. Either to get an â€Å"A† in class or to get into a good college to be able to do once’s dream job. So, when people are protesting cheating because it is wrong, they have done it too, maybe not something big, but they have still done it. ! ! A wise philosopher named Susannah Centivre once said, â€Å"Tis my opinion every an cheats in his own way, and he is only honest who is not discovered. † There are times when cheating is not acceptable or is never justi? ed, because everyone cheats, even if it was something little as someone copying homework from someone else. People today cheat all the time, some people more than others. and its is important because the ones who do not get caught become somewhat successful. Clearly saying cheating is the best thing to do is not the best route, but the main idea is people do it, and you cant force people not to do it.

Benjamin Franklins Poetry Essay

This is a research paper which I shall analyze on the comparison of Benjamin Franklins thoughts and Ideals on remarks concerning the Savages of North America and The Way to Wealth. Benjamin Franklins (1706-1790) who was a renowned founder father of the United States, he participated in its development as a philosopher, scientist, publisher and a leading writer who is important in the history of American history. He wrote a lot of literature materials which are of essence even today and they are used in most analysis of human development and livelihood. He is credited for being the founder of the American character and values he participated by enlightening people the importance of education, community service and hard work so that they would be able to develop themselves. He also emphasized on building self governing institutions which are not authoritative but those which shows sense of leadership to prosperity of the Americans. In this research paper I shall compare and contrast his writing in The Way to Wealth which is also know as Father Abrahams Sermon which he wrote in 1758 and Savages of North America which he wrote in 1784. The write up of The Way to Wealth had its theme based on frugality and work ethics. While, Savages of North America is a narration whose theme is based on the difference between the civilized North American society and the Indians who were referred to as uncivilized. According to Wohlpart (1996) the American Citizens were much concerned about being heavily taxed by the government and they requested Benjamin response which they awaited eagerly. To their surprise Benjamin spoke his mind to address on how they would be able to elevate themselves from poverty and make better use of the idle time they had. He notified them that they are taxed thrice by their pride, thrice by their idleness and four times by their folly and there was need to change how they operated. He told them â€Å"God helps them that help themselves† and therefore they must do something meaningful to alleviate themselves from poverty. He let them know that those people who love life they do not squander time for it is what life is made of. He challenged them for long hours which they spend asleep knowing very well that sleeping fox does not catch poultry. He told them â€Å"Time is money† and â€Å"lost time is never found again† therefore it was important to use every time one has at their disposal. He as well advised them it is only being early to bed and early to rise up which makes on wealthy and they should not tolerate laziness as it travels very slow therefore being overtaken by poverty. He wrote that â€Å"There are no gains, without pains† so they should not hope and wish for better times because those who live hoping shall die fasting. Those who have trade they have estates while those who have offices they make profits and the must work on them so that they would productive enough to pay their taxes and have enough to develop their lives. He assured the Americans that if at all they are industrious they will never starve as he told them â€Å"diligence is the mother of good lack†. He emphasized that one should do what is possible today without postponing it tomorrow because â€Å"one today is worth two tomorrows† and any delay will just result to things being pilled up undone the following day (Wohlpart, 1996). The reason why they should take his advice serious is because there is a lot which they needed to do for themselves, their country and families and this would only have been achieved by working hard and being not idle. He encouraged each of them to be their own masters and they should not get themselves idle as no one would wish to be found idle by their master. He made them understand that leisure is not idleness but a time when one does meaningful things he wrote â€Å"A life of leisure and a life of laziness are two things† signifying that they should as well take the time which they refer as leisure very important and do something useful but not squander what they have labored for long and tirelessly. In his writings â€Å"Get what you can, and what you get hold† he meant that most of the time gains are quit uncertain and temperately and they should be well guarded because as he advised them that it is much better to â€Å"go to bed supper-less than to rise in debt†. This was meant to encourage them to live within their means and take charge of their wealth. Benjamin in his write up Salvages on North America which compared North Americans societies which he referred to as civilized and the Indians who were uncivilized. He presented it in using the incident of the treaty of Lancer which the governor of Pennsylvania presented an idea of taking the responsibility to provide all the comfort of the young Indians who will be sent to colleges (Lemay 2000). Benjamin shows on how the native population of the Indian Taught the North Americans about cultural relativism. By understanding that different nations usually have different conception, he wrote that the Indians when they are young they are warriors and hunters and when they grow up they are counselors. While, the women nurses and bring up their children and till they ground for food, it is also their responsibility to preserve public transactions which they pass over to the next generation through oral teachings. According to Lemay (2000) this form of employment which was much more natural was quit different on with the formalized civilization in the Northern America where there is government for the purpose of legislations and maintenance of order and a favorable environment for businesses to thrive. The life styles also necessitate it to have prisons, and officers who use force to compel obedience among the citizens. This is because civilizations come along with complexity in management and administration of the society that why they need established systems to take control of. The Indians although their youths are proposed to be trained in the white college and their payments be met by Government of Virginia they claim it would be of no use because after the training they will not be of any use at their home country. Because livelihood in India was done by being a warrior or hunter for men and taking care of children and subsistence cultivation by ladies which was not being addressed by the formal leaning of science and other studies which they were being taught. Indians are much polite and when they held their public councils they were much orderly and respected each others idea and they did not disrupt one another. Interruptions even when one is conversing with one another are regarded as being highly indecent, because their presentations were not written and any disruptions would interfere with the string of thoughts which would lead to forget what one intended to deliver. Benjamin compared on how disorderly and disrespectful the British House of commons is which there are frequent confusion as participants keeps on interrupting each other and the speaker has to intervene to maintain orderliness (Lemay 2000). This shows on how he was fascinated by the power of oral culture which was passed over generations orally by the six nations in India which is orderly as compared to the chaotic disrespectful discussions by so known civilized nations. The Indians had a lot of civility as compared to the citizens of North America; the Indians were hospitable to the Americans when they visit them. They are taken care of without pay but when Indians visits them they do pay for every thing which they spent. Benjamin in his write-up he shows on how churches would be seen as sinister places by on lookers that they are not meant for those who go there to be taught good things but places where business men congregate to set prices against the native traders. This is because the white settlers are seen being more cruel and rude by the Indians in their way of life and that the reason why they meet every other seventh day. The main concept of this write-up Benjamin was trying to show the different of the civilized and uncivilized societies. This proves that acceptance and demand of equality among different people had a long way to go because they are in different regions which has different needs to support their livelihood. Therefore its importance for each societal setup to adhere to their norms and practice which supports their unity and development in what they participate together (Baym, 1998). The main concern of the American was on how they would be able to establish industrialization to meet their rising cost of living and be able to pay tax while the Indians concern is on how one would be a good worrier and counselor when aged. This shows on how human kind should be able to use the resources at their disposal to better their livelihood. Work cited Baym, Nina. The Norton Anthology of American Literature: Beginnings to 1875. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. 1998 Lemay, Leo. Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America. 2000 Wohlpart, Jim. Benjamin Franklin’s â€Å"The Way to Wealth†. University of South Florida in Fort Myers. 1996 >

SHORT written assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SHORT written assignment - Essay Example stolen and used to commit unauthorized and illegal transactions, with a credit card information theft through hacking of credit card companies’ data banks and servers (Elms, LaPrade & Maurer, 2008). Hacking tools include viruses, worms, bugs that are used as conduits or mediums that facilitate hacking activities. Viruses are specific pieces of software, command sequences and series of data that exploit a glitch, bug or vulnerability to propagate and proliferate in a computer, network or system (Furnell & Warren, 1999). An example of a virus is the ‘exploit’ which causes unanticipated or unintended events to occur in a computer’s operating system or application in the process of propagating itself within a computer’s system (Elms, LaPrade & Maurer, 2008). The exploit virus grants a hacker unlimited access to a computer beyond what can be granted by the system administrator. The ‘exploit’ virus works through a network security vulnerability or hole, thus giving a hacker unlimited access and control over the computer’s system (Cobanoglu & Demicco, 2007). Failure to run diagnostic scans ad installation of anti-virus software exposes a computer system to numerous threats to threats from within and without a system (Mourani, 2002). Tools used in hacking do not only result to software damage, but they also lead to hardware damage over exposure in extended periods of time. The installation of strong and vigilant anti-virus software is the best protection against malware and hacking tools deployed by malicious

Quantitative Methods for Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Quantitative Methods for Business - Essay Example This essay offers a comprehensive analysis of the role of the quantitative methods in ensuring economic efficiency of the management process.These methods do not just play an important role in making business decisions. There are also instrumental in estimation. Thirdly they are also a valuable tool for taking inventory of items, cost and profit. This is the unique tracking aspect of these methods. Business decision cannot be taken on a light note and hence it is absolutely that all logical and mathematical calculations are exhausted so that an optimal result can be ascertained before a final decision is implemented that will be of consequential importance to the business and the profit and or loss that subsequently endured. The process of a Quantitative Method in business is that the method gives a systematic and theoretical yet practical approach to finding solutions to pending and prospective problems. It is also important in making certain decisions that require critical thinking and analysis. This also enables an executive or a key decision maker of the business to take defining decisions that are binding on the entire business based on transparency and sound judgment through logical principles. These principles are based on a logical schematic that deals with each decision in a step by step fashion. This approach is necessary because it step of the decision making process has its own stressors and set of parameters. Quantitative methods also have an extraordinary tool in its arsenal which is numerical analysis. ... The method of quantitative analysis that is applied involves the valuation of an expected return of profit on the varying amounts of expenditures. This in turn allows one to deduce the most logical and sound method to secure the bid value and at the very same time making the most profit in the bargain. The thinking behind securing the bid value is applying linear programming to calculate the exact balance between minimum bid price and maximum profit attained using a production possibility curve as an economic function. The bid value hence must provide a profitable aspect for both the bidder and the client who requires a bid to be made. The whole aim of the Quantitative method for businesses is to foster an analytical mindset that is very important in the process of project acquisition, development, marketing, management and execution (Slater et.al, 2002, pp. 222-228). Sequelae Project management is a very volatile and demanding field of business development that requires the manager to be on the top of their game at all times. Therefore it is of paramount importance that project managers are able to utilize the complete range of skills and procedures that are prevalent in Quantitative methods for studying the business conditions. Secondly managers continuously need to associate decision making with consequential results. Thirdly they have to take a look at viable alternative. These alternatives in turn need to be assessed to see if they can be practical or theoretical and a cost benefit analysis using the Quantitative method has to be conducted. Finally the result of each alternative being theoretically applied to the projected situation has to be estimated before an

Nursing care given to a patient with paranoid schizophrenia Essay

Nursing care given to a patient with paranoid schizophrenia - Essay Example This is a nursing case study prepared on the basis of the observations made by the author while on a practice placement. The paper discusses the observations made about the nursing care given to a patient with paranoid schizophrenia.The study is also intended to show the role of a nurse in care; including assessment, planning, implementation and evaluation and also in the care given to the patient’s family. In this particular case, the method used was Orems Self-care model (2001) which emphasizes on improving the patient’s state of health and making them feel responsible for their own health. It is not possible to undermine the role of a nurse in this system which is mainly to promote physical, mental and social health through developing a good, trust-based relation with the patient. In addition, this case study will show how client-centered nursing models are used in which the patient’s interests and rights are respected and protected to the maximum possible ext ent. As Rogers C (1990) opines, the nursing team in this particular case develops strong relationship with the patient with real exhibition of sympathy, originality, and willingness to listen while dealing with the patient. As per the NMC (2008) directive that nurses should develop a deep and reliable relationship with the patient, the author engaged in conversation with the patient; and the expected result was a relationship based on respect and belief (Baker 2003). In this particular case, the patient’s individual freedom to decide her own life was preserved as far as possible (Ewles & Simnett, 2003). As per the definition by Lowden, (2002) autonomy means allowing the patient to make decisions in personal matters. The Patient The patient in this case study is named Mary. The name is imaginary to comply with NMC professional code of conduct (2002). She was 54, and was admitted to the hospital with Paranoid Schizophrenia. Before her entry into the Ward, there was a holistic a nd thorough assessment by the duty doctor. The basic concepts of care The method of care is totally holistic in nature. In this case, Orems (2001) Self Care Model of Nursing is used as the basic criteria and it follows the four stage nursing process of assessment, planning implementation and evaluation. As Barker (2003) observes, this holistic approach will explore the physical, psychological and social spheres of nursing assessment. Assessment The nursing process starts with assessment (Roper et al 2000) which includes all the present and historical information about the patient This must include as much information about all spheres of life as possible including the mental health, family background, education, religion, beliefs and occupation. Family history of mental disorders and other genetic factors are also taken into consideration. In addition, adequate attention is paid to the patient’s lifestyle and living situations. There are a number of ways suggested by Townsend (2006) for the assessment of patients which include consultation with other health professionals, collecting data from family members, watching and interview. In addition, according to the Oxford Nurses Dictionary (2002), a holistic assessment will consider a patient’s psychological, physiological and social life. In the opinion of Jenkins & Field (1996), collecting all these information from a patient will help a nurse in developing a healing relation with the patient. In fact, Mary had a long history of schizophrenia. For her, the disease had its beginning about thirty years ago but the disease was not diagnosed accurately in the beginning. The disease at first started in the form of tension along with sleeping problems and difficulty concentrating. But no one including her parents took the change seriously as there was a tragic incident. It was during those days that her husband died in a car accident. When she shrank more and more into her own private world, all includin g her parents and friends thought it as a result of the shock caused by her husband’

Using theories and research from the psychology and work module, and Essay

Using theories and research from the psychology and work module, and with reference to your placement year, critically examine the importance of individual differences and organisational behaviour at work - Essay Example In this paper I will attempt to elaborate on how individual differences and organizational behaviour influence the work process. To better deliver and communicate my point I decided to focus on two topics – leadership and approaches to work motivation. The organization that I choose as placement is in the customer service industry, so the priority for the company is to keep the customers satisfied, creating company loyalty policies. Drenth (1998) outlines briefly that the history of work psychology dates back from hundred years ago, when scholars, researchers and psychologists started to analyze the circumstances of the industrialization on the overall work processes. The specificities around that workload, and the labour market in the industrial era posed significant questions about the sickness absences, child labour, occupational stress, welfare differences and training and development devices. All these led to the creation of organization psychologists who provided care for the workers (Drenth, 1998). Even though technology become all too important, human factor enriches the work process to an irreplaceable degree. Therefore, studying human factor determines the main tendencies in work psychology. People at work are constantly interacting with each other, they exchange skills, obtain new knowledge through training, though still each employee besides the particular work role that he is performing remains individual, with his unique behavioural characteristics, personal attitude, reactions and style. The topic of leadership is significant not only for the organization and psychology at work, but also for the whole social science field. Furnham (2005) notes that authors from various disciplines from literatures, economics, and management are trying to determine the factors that make â€Å"good† leaders and what are their strengths and personal

Flannery OConner Biography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Flannery OConner Biography - Essay Example Flannery’s life as a writer was very eventful and comprised of numerous literary works that earned her fame. Her 1952 novel, Wise Blood, established her as one of America’s budding writers. The New York Times positively reviewed Flannery’s novel and this paved the way for later success. Awards and fellowships supported her writing career. She received the Kenyon Review fellowship shortly after she published the Wise Blood. She went on to win the O. Henry Prize in 1955; this award was the first of three she received for her literary works. A Good Man is Hard to Find is the story that earned her the most fame. Although described as terrifying by her readers, the story depicts the creative genius of Flannery O’Conner. She continued to write stories based on characters that she described as â€Å"freaks and folks†. In 1959, she published her second novel The Violent Bear It Away inspired by the Bible. Christianity inspired all of her work and this novel but many of her readers contested this claim. The grotesque nature of her work disputed Christianity as her source of inspiration. Her writing is often compared to those of Carson McCullers, a fellow Southern Gothic writer She fervently refused this comparison because she had a different view of her work. O’Conner compared her work to Nathaniel Hawthorne due to their similarity in worldviews. Twice Told Tales by Hawthorne was among the work she admired the most. Her illness did not kill her passion for writing and in 1963, she was awarded her second O. Henry Prize.

The Consumer and Their Relation to the Commodity According To Marx, De Essay

The Consumer and Their Relation to the Commodity According To Marx, De Certeau, Horkheimer and Adorno - Essay Example Also, in the cases when an individual goes to a store and purchases a shirt, toy, a beverage or any other purchased commodity, they are arriving at the decision to do so as a consumer. On the other hand, a commodity is any physical substance, these including metals, foods, and grains – which is exchangeable with another commodity of the same kind, which traders buy or sell, typically though futures agreements Another characteristic of any commodity is that the price of the given product at any given time is subject to the law of supply and demand. Notably, risk is actually the fundamental reason on the basis of which – the barter trading of the basic farming commodities began (Ozanne & Jeff 129-144). According to the review of De Certeau’s publication: the practice of everyday life: walking in the city, the tactics and the strategies discussed are in operation during the process of making product choices among customers. These choices are, however, based on the c onsumers’ relationship to the different commodities that consumers encounter on a daily basis. The expressed viewpoint is drawn from the experiences of every person within the community. The argument is deliberately presented in a poetic manner. The book centers upon the uses that the consumers make of, from the things that they purchase, or that which they decide to buy. The book also talks of the different networks that are operating within the society, which play the role of helping people oppose and avoid the order presented by institutions. De Certeau goes further to argue that the disciplinary constructions contained by the institutions within the society are deflected by developed tactics: the participants within the society in question offer an anti-discipline. Further, the consumers within the society, through the same tactical development, make their own tactically developed paths, which are somewhat unpredictable. These paths that are formulated by the consumers ca nnot be described fully, from a formal, official or a statistical point of view (Certeau 76). These strategies, according to De Certeau, are predictive of the following: the Strategies themselves – require that the city or the subjects act as alienated from an environment, in that they have an appropriate place, an officially recognized place, which is seen externally. The tactics, on the other hand, have no properly established localization, and not necessarily alienated from each other, which means that they often mingle and interrelate with each other. Further, the tactics take place within the territory of the strategies. These tactics, also, tend to be opportunistic, in that they combine a diverse range of elements towards gaining momentary advantage. Everyday practices, are most times some of these tactics – which include the small maneuvers that allow for the realization of a momentary victory over the obstacle facing the subject at the time of need (Ozanne & Je ff 129-144). According to the account of Marx, in the account, ‘idealism and materialism,’ the account holds that, humans are made to exist in physical organizations – where these organizations are helpful to the man, as they help him create their own means of subsistence. However, the subsistence models depend upon the available means – which they find existent as well as tat which they have do develop. Further, the productive efforts of these individuals are reflective of their life, expressing themselves –

'Descartes' account of what is necessary and what is sufficient for Essay

'Descartes' account of what is necessary and what is sufficient for knowledge does not make sense'. Explain and critically discuss - Essay Example In developing these ideas, Descartes wrote several books regarding the nature of existence and knowledge, providing us with plenty of material to study and has had tremendous influence on those who have come after him. One of his most often quoted statements is â€Å"I think, therefore I am† which was published in his book entitled â€Å"Discourse on Method,† which was first published in 1637. By studying the writings that led up to this concept as expressed in â€Å"Discourse on Method† and comparing them with further attempts to refine this idea within â€Å"Meditations on First Philosophy,† one begins to conclude that Descartes’ account of what is necessary and what is sufficient for knowledge does not make sense. This simple-sounding statement of â€Å"I think, therefore I am† is the result of a discourse in which Descartes calls into question all of the assumptions he’s come to know as a result of the philosophical thought of his day. â€Å"I had long before remarked that †¦ it is sometimes necessary to adopt, as if above doubt, opinions which we discern to be highly uncertain† (Descartes, 2001). To seek a higher version of the truth, Descartes felt it was necessary to question every assumption that had even the shadow of a doubt. Through this questioning process, he demonstrates how thought, not observation is really the right foundation for knowledge. â€Å"When I considered that the very same thoughts (presentations) which we experience when awake may also be experienced when we are asleep, while there is at that time not one of them true, I supposed that all the objects (presentations) that had ever entered into my mind when awake, had in them no more truth th an the illusions of my dreams† (Descartes, 2001). His idea of discovering truths about the world was defined by whether he had a clear and distinct perception of them and that was sufficient for knowledge. However, the idea that knowledge can be defined by a â€Å"clear and

Using named examples Essay Example for Free

Using named examples Essay Using named examples, evaluate the economic and political impacts of disruption to energy supply pathways. (15) An energy pathway is the route or journey energy takes from the source country to the consuming country. It is often seen that economic and political impacts disrupt energy supply pathways. To begin with, some countries in the Middle East are quite often recognised as to having political problems such as dictatorships which leads to the formation of unstable regimes. The relationship between the Middle East and western powers like the USA are often quite severed, This proves to be fatal as such countries are reliant upon energy reserves in the Middle East. Hence matters are quite often stretched further when key players such as OPEC represent countries like Saudia Arabia and Iran in the Middle East, as well as determine oil prices. This may place stress upon the USA who suffers from energy insecurity due to its energy deficit and due to its reliance and need for oil may have to face as well as conform to rises in oil prices. As, it is now believed that the control over energy prices is in the hands of the suppliers due to the combination of a lack of energy reserves for finite resources and huge global demand for natural resources. Additionally unsettled geopolitical relationships between countries can lead to severed political relationships as well as huge economic losses. In 1991, 600 Kuwaiti oil wells were set on fire by Iraqi troops after the first Gulf War. The fires burned for 8 months. Not only did this impact upon the oil production of the country, but caused great economic losses in the economy, as services were also required to put the fire out. Russia an energy surplus is said to be tactical with whom it supplies its natural resources to. The political conflict between Russia and Ukraine during 2006- 2008 saw Russia demanding four times as much the price for its resources, but the failure to do so left Ukrainian gas cut off. Here we are shown an example of how political power can affect the economy. The Arctic is now seen to be a resourceful land, bringing hope for the future and many nations. With 25% of the worlds unexploited oil reserves matching the reserves of Saudi Arabia, it also is the home to many minerals, coal, gas and diamonds. It has transformed from a once barren land, to a land of riches. Meaning competition for territorial demands is seen and acted upon. The world would benefit from commercial wealth, as companies such as Shell if they were permitted to drill out oil in the now sacred land reaping with economic wealth. However, countries outside the Arctic circle like China are showing a greater interest and desire to demand their share of the Arctic. Here we see the growth of both economic and political power lobbying members of the Arctic circle such as Greenland and Denmark to obtain a Permanent Observer Status in the Arctic council. Whilst within the Arctic circle two dominant characters have conflicting views for their own benefit- Russia and the USA, causing tension to rise concerning the future of the Arctic.

Explaining the Nursing NMC Code of Conduct

Explaining the Nursing NMC Code of Conduct (A.) A code of conduct is a set of customary principles and expectancy that are considered binding on anybody who is member of a certain group. Nursing and midwifery practice in the United Kingdom are bound by a set of precepts and standard that set the least requirements for anyone wishing to practice nursing or midwifery within England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and Island. There is a more advance set of ethical and behavioural pattern that all nurse and midwife working in the United Kingdom must follow (NMC 2008).This is maybe the most important of the pattern set by the regulatory body for nurses and midwives as it comprises the ethical and moral codes that they are expected to obey. The code applies to anyone in the register; nevertheless the importance and need for codes of practice and conduct goes beyond nurses and midwives and their everyday contact with patients. Even when not on duty, they must still stick to the principles and values comprising the code, especially as they directly connected to the women and people that they have been in their care. An example of this is respecting your client confidentiality. There are no much difference in the NMC code of conduct United Kingdom and that of Nigeria. In the aspect of treating people equally without prejudice and discrimination, all humans are equal and must be treated kindly and with respect. Confidentiality is another important part of the code of conduct which states that sharing of information is not right except in the case where the person is at risk of harm or in compliance with a court case. In writing of inform consent one must ensure that the client is of legal age which is 18years in Nigeria. In a situation where the client is under aged, the parent or next of kin signs the informed consent on his or her behalf. A nurse should maintain boundaries in a professional by not accepting gift, favours because it might be interpreted as an attempt to gain special preference. A nurse should avoid careless, malpractice and abuse while providing care to client. Clients do have a right to know about their conditions. A nurse should be accountable to the public at all time by helping to protect the public against harmful dangers and agents. As a nurse one must be ready to implement global health initiatives and participate in national and international conferences. (B.) Be aware that the rules of obtaining consent apply equally to those who have mental illness. Under mental health act it is very important that clients are checked under statutory powers, knowing the conditions and safeguards needed for giving care and treatment without consent. (C.) An area of the code that I am interested in is the area of informed consent. In Nigeria a clients legal age that allows him or her to sign informed consent is 18 years and above but in a situation where the client is under aged, the guardian or next of kin can sign the informed consent on his or her behalf. While in the United Kingdom, if the client is (a minor) under the age of 16,it becomes a complex case because it is believed that they are not matured enough to have a superior power of discernment and reasoning to make decision. This is a more similar case with that of Nigeria. Buts the difference is that, in Nigeria even if the client is 16 or 17 years and with parental responsibility the client will still not be given the opportunity to sign an inform consent. However the explicit wish of a minor should be thought about by an investigator, there are gillick competent minors that are able of consenting in their own right to treatment procedures, given that, in the view of t he professional concerned, they had gotten the nature of the treatment she is going to have and its potential advantage and disadvantage and were adequately mature intellectually and emotionally to make a judgement. In high schools in the United Kingdom, consent is important to the appropriateness of treatment and school nurses must have a sound consent before he or she can lawfully go on with treatment for a child. For children who are very young who do not have the power to make consent for treatment, the school nurse will depend confidently on the consent of someone acting on the power of a person with parental responsibility. As a child rows with age the law permits them to make consent to treatment decisions where they have the power to do so. School nurses can go on with treatment plan and advice if the child is seen or considered to be gillick competent. Right to consent is not subject to individual will or judgement without restriction set at puberty: it is a must by the school nurse who must be comfortable that the child is old enough to fully understand the consequences of the particular decision they are making. The more complicated the decision, the greater the maturity and intelligence needed to reach ability, as there will be a lot for the child to understand. School nurses will need to be comfortable with the child to fully estimate the difficult issues that needs to be considered before they can safely go on that the child has power to consent to treatment. In a case were the child is asking for treatment and counselling in relation to sexual activity such as contraceptive, then the nurse must also be sure that they are acting to protect the child and they meet the need of the sexual offences Act 2003.This is best achieved by recording the treatment and counselling given in line with Lord Frasers guidance in Gillick V West Norfolk and Wisbech AHA (1986) School nurses must keep their patients medical needs confidentially. This duty is draw from their legal, pertaining to and professional sense of duty and requires that as a rule they will not open patient information.However, the need to share information with others is vital to help deliver necessary care and protection of patients. While not proper disclosure is never welcomed, always using the duty of confidence as an excuse never to share information can lead in poor care and even bad report. School nurses must look at each case on its merits. Whenever needed the consent of the patient should be gotten before disclosure. Disclosure of patient information without consent is allowed in the public interest or where regarded by law and it is important that school nurses carefully balance the overall need for confidentiality against the needs and welfare of the patient that might need the information to be shared with necessary source. (D.) The sufficiency of informed consent is a vital part to consider when caring for patients.Weisz Melton (1995) describes informed consent as one of the most debateable issue in health care. This debate becomes even more important in adolescents health care. Informed consent is a technical issue and often does build legal and ethical concerns for the adolescent, parents or legal guardian(s) of the adolescents (Sturman, 2005) The legal and ethical connections associated with informed consent are very complicated and present challenges for those finding treatment and those delivering care (Anderson, 2005) an example was when a 16 year old girl walked into the hospital where I worked as a registered nurse in Nigeria and said she was pregnant and wanted to terminate the pregnancy. She was asked to go and call her parents or guardian to come and sign an informed consent for her before any form of pregnancy termination will be done. She walked up to me thinking probably I could help her out as a young nurse but rather I recognised my responsibility and up held the code of conduct which states that clients who are under aged; not above 18 years should be with a next of kin or parents to sign an informed consent. (E.) If it was in the United Kingdom, I would have acted differently because once a child gets to the age of 16; he or she is believed in law to be capable to give consent for themselves for their own medical, dental or surgical procedures. Meaning the young girl would be treated as an adult. Although it is still best practice to advice capable children to involve their parents in decision making. Where confidentiality is involved i must keep her privacy, unless I can justify disclosure on the grounds that I suspect she would likely suffer consequential harm. I would however ask her to involve her parents, unless I see it was not in her best interest to do so. (F.) The four Nursing and midwifery council domains are: Competent midwifery practice, Professional and ethical practice, developing others and self and realizing quality care through appraisal and research. As a registered nurse I took personal responsibility for my actions, those I forgot to do and been accountable for any action I take. I could make sound decision while handling the case of my young client in respect of my personal professional development; practice within the range of view of my personal professional capability and extended this scope as needed. Working with minors, a registered nurse should have capability and confident in giving the basic aspect of care. This gives the client and parents more confidence. This confidence and capability strengthens the foundation by ability and practical skills in the area of child growth, communicating with minors and their family members. This self awareness for nurses working with minors needs to be able to give support, educate them and help them understand what they should do and why, to make decisions about treatment choice and to be able to assist themselves meaningfully to their own care. A registered nurse must recognize their emotions, quality of feeling at a particular time and drives. They need to understand how these emotions produce effect on others and their performance. This self awareness requires strict inquiry into their personal thoughts and experiences. It required carefully weighed analysis of their feelings and how these emotions drive ideas and behaviours. We humans always have automatic reactions to certain interpersonal stimuli. This reverse movement may result from deep-seated suppositions that have taken root over time. Best example of an automatic reaction can be seen when watching group of cows going out to pasture. For unknown reasons, the cows always follow the same path. Humans also create symbolic cow paths in their rejoinder to certain situations, thoughts and emotions. The registered nurse needs to know his or her cow paths in other to raise their self-ability and have self-reliance in situations fraught with the various emotional responses found in health care. REFERENCE LIST Christina, M. (2009). Midwifery regulations in the United Kingdom. In: Diane, F and Margaret, C Myles textbook for Midwives. 15th ed. London: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier. P83. DOH. (2010). Seeking consent; working with children. Available: http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/@dh/@en/documents/digitalasset/dh_4067204.pdf. Last accessed 16th May 2011. Janet, F. (2010). Evolution of clinical nurse specialist role and practice in the United State. In: Janet, F and Brenda, L Foundations of clinical nurse specialist practice. New York: Springers publishing company. P18 NMC, UK. (2008). The code; Standards of conduct, performance and ethics for nurses and midwives. Available: http://www.nmc-uk.org/Documents/Standards/The-code-A4-20100406.pdf. Last accessed 10th May 2011. NMC, Nigeria. (2005). Code of professional conduct. Available: http://www.nmcnigeria.org/standards.php. Last accessed 10th May 2011. Nick.B (2009). Legal and ethical issues relating to medicinal products. In: John, G and PFDArcy The textbook of Pharmaceutical Medicine. 6th ed. London: BMJ Publishing Group Limited. P354. NMC, UK. (2004). Standards of proficiency for pre-registration nursing education. Available: http://www.nmc-uk.org/Documents/Standards/nmcStandardsofProficiencyForPre_RegistrationNursingEducation.pdf. Last accessed 16th May 2011. NMC, UK. (2006). Allegations; Warwick, Diana 78A3956E. Available: http://www.nmc-uk.org/Hearings/Hearings-and-outcomes/May-2011/Charges-WarwickDiana/. Last accessed 14th May 2011. NMC, UK. (2010). Feedback about the guardians. Available: http://www.nmc-uk.org/General-public/Older-people-and-their-carers/Feedback-about-the-guidance-/. Last accessed 12th May 2011. NMC, UK. (2008). Advice for nurses working with children and young people. Available: http://www.nmc-uk.org/Nurses-and-midwives/Advice-by-topic/A/Advice/Advice-on-working-with-children-and-young-people/. Last accessed 16th May 2011. Roberson, AJ. (2007). Adolescent informed consent: ethics, law and theory to guide policy and nursing research. Journal of Nursing Law. 11 (4), P191-P192. (Accessed 14th May 2011) Griffith, R. (2008). Consent and children:the law for children. British journal of school nursing. 3 (6), p284. Mark ,A. (2008). School nurses and consent:duty of confidence. British journal of school nursing. 3 (8), 380.

Response to The Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock :: essays research papers

On the surface, ?The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock? is about an older man who is distressed by his own inability to tell a woman of his desire for her. He tries to relay his feelings to her but comes up with all kinds of excuses not to, and ultimately does not. The speakers? real problem is not that he is just too timid to confess his love for this particular woman, it is that he has a somewhat unproductive, bleak life and has a lack of willpower and boldness to change that life. The poem starts out describing the dreary streets with cheap hotels and restaurants where the speaker lives. He is on his way to a place where women, including the one he adores, are getting together to talk and have some tea. They are talking about people with great creative minds, like Michelangelo and unlike Prufrock. This is the first of many excuses he gives in the poem. Next, he talks about how there is so much time. There is time for ?indecisions? and ?revisions, before the taking of a toast and tea.? Here he is trying to convince himself that there is plenty of time to decide what he is going to say before he makes a toast in her honor. Prufrocks next thoughts tell of his old age and his lack of will to say what is on his mind. He mentions his bald spot in his hair and his thin arms and legs. This suggests that he knows he is growing old, and therefore contradicts what he had mentioned earlier in the poem about having plenty of time. Throughout the poem he is indecisive and somewhat aloof from the self-involved group of women. One part of him would like to startle them out of their frustratingly polite conversations and express his love for her, but to accomplish this he would have to risk disturbing their ?universe? and being rejected. He also mentions ?sprawling on a pin?, as though he pictures himself being pinned in place and viciously analyzed like that of an insect being literally pinned in place. The latter part of the poem captures his sense of overwhelming lack of willpower for failing to act daringly, not only at that tea party, but throughout his life.

Hysteria Changes People Essay -- essays research papers

Hysteria is a mental disorder marked by excitability, anxiety, or imaginary disorders. It can play an important role in people’s lives. Hysteria supplants logic and enables people to believe that their neighbors, whom they have always considered highly respectable, do things they would never expect them of doing. In â€Å"The Crucible†, hysteria causes people to believe their friends are committing deplorable acts. The townsfolk accept and become active in the hysterical climate not only out of genuine religious piety but also because it gives them a chance to express repressed sentiments and to seek reparations from grudges. Hysteria suspends the rules of daily life and allows the acting out of every dark desire and hateful urge under the charade of righteousness. In â€Å"The Crucible† by Arthur Miller, the hysteria due to the paranoia of witchcraft causes Abigail to lie in order to save herself, Danforth to ruin the community, and Proctor to be convicted of w itchery. The hysteria surrounding the witchtrials causes Abigail to lie in order to save herself. She is affected by the hysteria because she does not want to exposed as a liar. She forgets about the people that are close to her in order to protect her reputation and identity. Abigail abandons Tituba, and accuses her of "sending her spirit on me in church; she makes me laugh at prayer" (41). Abigail also says Tituba "comes to me every night to go and drink blood (41). Abigail reacts like this only to save her fro...

Meditation :: essays research papers

The Transcendental Meditation technique is a simple, natural, effortless procedure practiced for any amount of time, usually 10-20 minutes in the morning and evening, while sitting comfortably with the eyes closed. During this technique, the individual's awareness settles down and experiences a unique state of restful alertness. As the body becomes deeply relaxed, the mind transcends all mental activity to experience the simplest form of awareness, Transcendental Consciousness, where consciousness is open to itself. This is the self-referral state of consciousness. The experience of Transcendental Consciousness develops the individual's latent creative potential while dissolving accumulated stress and fatigue through the deep rest gained during the practice. This experience enlivens the individual's creativity, dynamism, orderliness, and organizing power, which result in increasing effectiveness and success in daily life. The Transcendental Meditation technique is scientific, requiring neither specific beliefs nor adoption of a particular lifestyle. The practice does not involve any effort or concentration. It is easy to learn and does not require any special ability. People of all ages, educational backgrounds, cultures, and religions in countries throughout the world practice the technique and enjoy its wide range of benefits. Over 500 scientific research studies conducted during the past 25 years at more than 200 independent universities and research institutes in 30 countries have shown that the TM program benefits all areas of an individual's life: mind, body, behavior, and environment. The research findings include: Increased happiness Reduced stress Increased intelligence Increased creativity Improved memory Improved health   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reduced high blood pressure Improved relationships Increased energy Reduced insomnia Reversal of biological aging Reduced crime and improved quality of life in society The research has been published in such major scientific journals as Science, the American Journal of Physiology, Scientific American, Lancet, the Journal of Counseling Psychology, the International Journal of Neuroscience, the Journal of the Canadian Medical Association, the British Journal of Educational Psychology, and the Journal of Conflict Resolution. Research indicates that TM technique Meditators on average have the biological age of a person 5 to 12 years younger, as well as significantly reduced incidence of illness and risk of heart disease. Studies also show that TM technique Meditators have warmer interpersonal relationships, less anxiety, increased self-esteem and self-confidence, increased problem-solving ability and greater creativity. The individual spontaneously radiates a purifying and nourishing influence of positivity and harmony in society as a whole. Now I would like to show one of the different ways that you can meditate, if you feel uncomfortable with sitting on the ground for a few minutes than let me know.

Walmart Income Statment Comparative Analysis

Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. Comparative Consolidated Income Statement 2012 Amount Percent 443,854 100. 0% 335,127 75. 5% 108,727 24. 5% 85,265 19. 2% 23,462 5. 3% 3,096 0. 7% 2,160 0. 5% 24,398 5. 5% 7,944 1. 8% 16,454 3. 7% 2011 Amount Percent 418,952 100. 0% 314,946 75. 2% 104,006 24. 8% 81,361 19. 4% 22,645 5. 4% 2,897 0. 7% 2,004 0. 5% 23,538 5. 6% 7,579 1. 8% 15,959 3. 8% 2010 Amount Percent 405,132 100. 0% 304,106 75. 1% 101,026 24. 9% 79,977 19. 7% 21,049 5. % 2,953 0. 7% 1,884 0. 5% 22,118 5. 5% 7,156 1. 8% 14,962 3. 7% Net Sales Cost of Goods Sold Gross Profit Operating Expenses Income from Opertaions Other Revenues and Gains Other Expenses and Losses Income before Income Tax Provision Income Tax Provision Net Income From above comparative income statement for threes years, Walmart has lower percentage gross profit for 2012 compare with previous two year, which caused by increased cost of goods sold.However the dollar amount for net sales is increasing from year to year. Operating expenses are decreased for the percentage comparation, this is a favorable trend. Again the dollar amount increased. Even the other renenues, gains and other expenses, losses percentage remain the same for the past three years, but dollar amount increased. The income tax rate for the past three years are remained consistent .

Housewife in India and Pakistan Essay

In India different approaches to domestic responsibilities are found in the various ethnic groups. In a Hindu family, the head of the family is the Griha Swami (Lord of the House) and his wife is the Griha Swamini(Lady of the House). The Sanskrit words Grihast and Grihasta perhaps come closest to describing the entire gamut of activities and roles undertaken by the householder or housewife. Grih is the Sanskrit root for house or home; Grihasta and Grihast are derivatives of this root, as is Grihastya. The couple lives in the state called Grihastashram or family system and together they nurture the family and help its members (both young and old) through the travails of life. The woman who increments the family tree (bears children) and protects those children is described as the Grihalakshmi (the wealth of the house) and Grihashoba (the glory of the house). The elders of the family are known as Grihshreshta. The husband or wife may engage in countless other activities which may be social, religious, political or economic in nature for the ultimate welfare of the family and society. However, their unified status as joint householders is the nucleus from within which they operate in society. The ‘status’ of a woman as a housewife anchors them in society and provides meaning to their activities within the social, religious, political and economic framework of their world. However, as India undergoes modernisation, many women are in employment, particularly in the larger cities such as Mumbai or Delhi, where most women will work. In Muslim families, use of the term housewife (or its equivalent) is uncommon, even though housewives are very common and stay-at-home husbands are extremely rare. Muslim society sets different expectations for the husband and wife, but respects their individuality.

Bite Me: A Love Story Chapter 4

4. Good-bye Love Lair BEING THE JOURNAL OF ABBY NORMAL, Triumphant Destroyer of Vampyre Kitties I weep, I brood, I grieve-I have sniffed the bitter pink Sharpie of despair and mascara tears stripe my cheeks like a mouthful of chewed-up black Gummi bears has been loogied in my eyes. Life is a dark abyss of pain and I am alone, separated from my darling delicious Foo. But check it-I totally kicked ass against a gang of vampyre kitties. That's right, kitties, meaning many. No longer does the huge shaved vampyre cat Chet stalk the City alone; he has been joined by many smaller and un-shaved vampyre cats, many of which I turned to kitty toast with my most fly sunlight jacket. Right outside our loft, they were attacking that crazy Emperor guy and his dogs and I saved them by running out into the street and hitting the lights. It was pure techo-carnage, blood everywhere, and a little Japanese guy with a samurai sword doing the serious Ginsu on the kitties as they attacked. I know what you are thinking. Ninja, please†¦ I know, OMFGZORRO! A samurai in Sucker-Free City! I didn't even try to convince the cops when they came. They were all, â€Å"What up?† And I was all, â€Å"Nothing.† And they were all, â€Å"What's all this?† Pointing to the blood and steaming kitty ashes and whatnot. And I was all, â€Å"Don't know. Ask him. I just heard some noise so I came out to check it out.† So they asked the Emperor and he tried to tell them the whole story, which was a mistake-but he's kind of insane, so you have to give him a break. But they put him in the car anyway and took him and his dogs away, even though it was totally obvious that they knew who he was and were just being dicks about the whole thing. Everyone knows the Emperor. That's why they call him the Emperor. ‘Kayso, Foo finally came home and I jumped into his arms and sort of rode him to the ground with a massive tongue kiss so deep that I could taste the burned cinnamon toast of his soul, but then I slapped him, so he didn't think I was a slut. (Shut up, he had wood.) And he was all, â€Å"Stop doing that, I don't think you're a slut!† And I was all, â€Å"Yeah, well then how did you know that's why I slapped you, and where the fuck have you been, my mad, manga-haired love monkey?† Sometimes it's best to turn the tables and start asking questions when your argument sucks ass. I learned that in Introduction to Mass Media class. And Foo's all, â€Å"Busy.† And I'm like, â€Å"Well you missed my heroic warrior-babe assault.† And I, like, told him the whole thing and then I said, â€Å"So, now there's a lot of vampyre cats. What's up with that, nerdslice?† Which is a pet name I have for Foo when referring to his mad science skills. And he's all, â€Å"Well, we know that there has to be an exchange of blood from the vampyre to its victim before the victim dies, otherwise it just goes to dust.† And I'm like, â€Å"So Chet's smart enough to know that?† And Foo's all, â€Å"No, but if a cat's bitten, what's the natural thing for it to do?† And I'm all, â€Å"Hey, I'm asking the questions here. I am the boss of you, you know?† And Foo totally ignores me, and he's all, â€Å"They bite back. I think Chet is changing the other cats by accident.† â€Å"But he drained that parking cop and she didn't turn.† â€Å"She didn't bite him back.† And I'm all, â€Å"I knew that.† And Foo's like, â€Å"There could be hundreds of them.† And I'm all, â€Å"And Chet led them here. To us.† And Foo's all, â€Å"He marked this as his territory before the old vampyre turned him. He sees this as his place. The stairway still smells like cat pee.† And I'm like, â€Å"That's not all.† And Foo's all, â€Å"What? What?† And I totally slip into my dark mistress voice and I'm all, â€Å"Chet has changed. He's bigger.† And Foo's all, â€Å"Maybe his coat has just grown back.† And I'm all ominous like, â€Å"No, Foo, he's still shaved, but he's a lot bigger, and I think-† I paused. It was very dramatic. And Foo's like, â€Å"Tell me!† I sort of fainted all emo into his arms. And he totally caught me like the dark hero of the moors that he is, but then he harshed the romantic drama of it all by tickling me and going, â€Å"Tell me, tell me, tell me.† So I did, because I was close to peeing myself, and I'm totally not into that kind of thing. â€Å"I think we have to worry about the little samurai guy turning, which would not be good, as he is full badass, despite his deeply stupid hat and socks.† And Foo was all, â€Å"Did he bite them?† And I was all, â€Å"He was full-on covered in vampyre kitty blood. Maybe some drops got in his mouth. Lord Flood said he accidentally turned that blue ho from one kiss on the bloody lips.† And Foo's like, â€Å"Well we need to find him, then. Abby, we may not be able to handle this. We need help.† And he's all nodding to the statue of the Countess and Lord Flood. And I'm all, â€Å"Do you know the first thing that will happen if we let them out?† And Foo's all, â€Å"Jody will totally kick our asses.† And I'm like, â€Å"Oui, mon amour, epic ass-kickings pour toi and moi. But you know what's even scarier?† And Foo's all, â€Å"What? What? What?† Because French drives him mad. So I'm like, â€Å"You still have wood!† And I squeezed his unit and ran into the bedroom. ‘Kayso, Foo chased me around the loft a couple of times, and I let him catch me twice, just long enough to kiss me before I was forced to slap him-well, you know why-and run away. But as I was prepared to let him think I would surrender to his manly deliciousness, I'm all, â€Å"You could turn me to a vamp and I could use my dark powers to scoop Chet's litter box of destruction.† And Foo was all, â€Å"No fucking way. I don't know enough.† Then someone started pounding on the door. And not a little â€Å"Hey, what's up?† pound. Like there was a big sale on door pounds down at the Pound Outlet. Buy one, get one free at Pounds-n-Stuff. I know. WTF? Privacy much? Pounding on the love lair. JODY It was like perpetual â€Å"not quite lunchtime† in her cubicle at the insurance company, back in ancient history, three months ago, before she was a vampire. Every sundown, for about fifteen seconds, Jody awoke and panicked over the hunger and constraint until she was able to will herself into mist and float in what she thought of as the blood dream, a pleasant, ethereal haze that lasted until sunup, when her body went solid inside the brass shell and for all practical purposes, she became dead meat until sundown came round again. But sometime around the end of the first week of freakouts, she realized that she was touching Tommy. That he was in the bronze shell with her, and unlike her, he couldn't go to mist. She should have taught him, she knew, just as the old vampyre had taught her, but now it was too late. Maybe, since she couldn't move enough to tap a message with her finger in Morse code, let alone talk, she could reach out to him, somehow connect with him telepa thically. Who knew what kind of powers she might have that the old vampyre had forgotten to tell her about. She concentrated, pushed, even tried to send some sort of pulse to the places where their skin touched, but all she got back was an extended, jagged, electric panic. Poor Tommy. He was there all right. Alive and mercilessly aware. She tried to reach him until she could bear the weight of her own hunger and panic no longer. â€Å"Abby, if I ever get out of here, your narrow ass is mine,† she thought before fading to mist and blissful escape. INSPECTOR RIVERA It wasn't a homicide, strictly speaking, because there was no body, but there was a traffic enforcement officer missing in action, and it had involved the Emperor and a certain block of light industry buildings and artist lofts south of Market Street that Rivera had flagged for notice if anything happened there. And something had definitely happened here, but what? He lifted the collar of the empty traffic officer's uniform with the tip of his pen to confirm that the fine gray ash was not on the sidewalk underneath, and it wasn't. Inside the uniform, on the sidewalk at the cuffs and collar of the uniform, yes, but not on the sidewalk under the uniform. â€Å"I don't see a crime,† said Nick Cavuto, Rivera's partner, who, if he'd been a flavor of ice cream, would have been Gay Linebacker Crunch. â€Å"Sure, something happened here, but it could have just been kids. The Emperor is clearly nuts. Totally unreliable.† Rivera stood up and looked around at the blood-soaked street, the ashes, the still-flashing light on the parking cart, and then at the Emperor and his dogs, who had their noses pressed to the back window of their brown, unmarked Ford sedan. Rivera's flavor was Low-fat Spanish Cynic in an Armani cone. â€Å"He said cats did this.† â€Å"Well there you go, an Animal Control issue. I'll call them.† Cavuto made a great show of flipping open his mobile and punching at the numbers with his thick sausage fingers. Rivera shook his head and crouched over the empty uniform again. He knew what the powder was, and Cavuto knew what the powder was. Sure, it had taken them a couple of months, and a lot of unsolved murders, and watching the old vampire take enough gunfire to kill a platoon of men, only to survive to kill a half-dozen more people, but they had finally caught on. â€Å"It wasn't cats,† Rivera said. â€Å"They promised to leave,† Cavuto said, pausing in his display of percussive dialing. â€Å"The creepy girl said they left town.† They, meaning Jody and Tommy, who had promised to leave town and never return. â€Å"The Emperor said he saw the old vampire get on a ship-a whole bunch of them sail away.† â€Å"But he's totally unreliable,† Rivera said. â€Å"Most of the time. This is not-â€Å" Rivera held up a finger to stop him. They had agreed never to use the v-word when others were around. â€Å"We have to go see the spooky kid.† â€Å"Noooo,† Cavuto wailed, then caught himself, realizing that for a man of his size, appearance, and occupation, that whining over having to confront a skinny teenage girl was, well-he was being a huge wuss-that's what. â€Å"Man up, Nick, we'll tell her not only does she have a right to remain silent, it's an obligation. Besides, I called in backup.† â€Å"I should probably stay in the car with the Emperor. See if he remembers anything else.† Just then there was a commotion at the crime scene tape and a uniformed officer said, â€Å"Inspector, this woman wants through. She says she has to see her daughter, who lives in that apartment.† The officer pointed to the fire door of the loft where the spooky kid lived with her boyfriend. An attractive blond woman in her late thirties wearing paisley medical scrubs was trying to push past the officer. â€Å"Let her through,† Rivera said. â€Å"Look, Nick, an angel come to protect you.† â€Å"Oh God save me from fucking neo-hippies,† said Gay Linebacker Crunch.

Hispanic Identity

Hispanic Identity Tammy Simpson University of Phoenix Hispanic Identity Names are very important and when discussing the differences between racial or cultural, it is very important to remain culturally sensitive. Explaining the differences between Hispanics, Latino, Chicano, and Mexican American may give you a better understand of why some people choice what they want to be called. Because people should be able to choose how he or she is called and names disempowered can have serious repercussions. Hispanic or Latino Americans are categorized as a group of people made up of distinct characteristics.Every group should be allowed to choose their own name as well. When individuals or groups are called names that we do not wish to be called they can become upset or even annoyed. Some want to be called Hispanic and others Latinos, so how do you vary or distinguish. Well Chicano is just too narrow, encompassing only members of the Mexican-American community or anyone else of Mexican herit age. The word â€Å"Chicano† was once considered derogatory when it first emerged, but later generations of Mexican-Americans have since considered it acceptable and embraced the term, at least unofficially.The Term Chicano was thought to have originated as slang that described immigrants from the Mexican revolution, but later evolved to define the uprising of Mexican American reformers. The Chicano Movement changed Mexican Americans’ lives in the United States’ economy. It was a movement that secured these people in the economy with civil rights and economic opportunity. They used tactics such as civil disobedience as an influential way to make it known that â€Å"change† was inevitable.Marches, hunger strikes, and litigation were methods that they used. Mexican Americans consist of the largest Hispanic group within the United States. Their history has covered over 400 years within America, varying in different regions. In such states as California, Texa s, New Mexico, Arizona, and Nevada, great portions of Mexican Americans subsist there. (â€Å"Mexican Americans,† 1997-2007) The word â€Å"Hispanic† is more worldwide then â€Å"Chicano†. Historically, areas that were conquered by the Spaniards were considered part of an area called Hispania.Countries that traced their history to Spain are considered to be Hispanic and include Mexico, Central America, and most of South America where Spanish is the prime language. Latino is extremely close in meaning to Hispanic, but is also includes other countries such as Brazil. Latino was popularized during the social movements of the 1960’s. While â€Å"Latino† may be politically and socially correct, it is still better to be ethnically aware of a person’s heritage then referring him or her to the broader term Latino.Descendants of pre Columbian populations from Latin America and most of those from parts of the United States who were part of the Spanish Colonial Empire are considered Latinos/as. However Native Americans, United States citizens who are of pre –Columbian derivation, but whose ancestors lived in areas outside what constitutes United States territory today are not considered Latinos/as. The children born in Latin American from Spaniards are considered Latinos/as, but Spaniards themselves are not (Latinos or Hispanics?A Debate About Indentity, 2003) Hispanic population today has expanded immensely over the years. The growth rate of the Hispanic community has grown faster than any other racial and ethnic group in the nation. The Hispanic community and culture has populated around the United States, and introducing new traditions and customs. Hispanics or Latinos are defined as people of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, and other Spanish speaking cultures and if you travel to different cities in the States we will see a wide spread of Hispanic communities.For instance in New York the Puerto Rican culture is dominated , and in Miami the Cuban culture is populating the area (Cattan, 1993). Hispanic groups are known in the social economic, politics, labor force, and religion. Spanish culture has an effect on a variety of areas such as music, food and language. Learning about others culture is always good, especially when visiting other countries. Our differences are what make us fascinating and such a diverse country. Hispanics in the United States have significantly contributed to much of our society’s culture and way of life for centuries.Ranging from politics, public service, military, business, science, organized sports to even the entertainment industry, you can find their imprint everywhere if you take a closer look. It is quite a wonder as to the many historians whom have not acknowledged Hispanics’ impact on history, as they are just as woven into America’s history as any other race or nationality. Many of our folklore and achievements are given credit to them. The Unit ed States is a major representative of all immigrants of the world into the symbolic â€Å"melting pot† that we are known for today. â€Å"Contributions of,† n. d. ) The Hispanic group adds to that diversity. A survey of the community conducted last year by the Per Hispanic Center of Washington found that nearly all people from Spanish speaking backgrounds identify themselves primarily by their place of national origin (Latinos or Hispanics? A Debate About Indentity, 2003). When the Mexican Americans came to America in search of the American dream they never thought the lack of education would stop them from advancing to a higher paying job. But in the labor field Mexicans are getting fair pay.There are both positive and negative views on parts of the economy pertaining to the Hispanic culture. The more we spend has a positive effect on the economy and the employer benefits from the cut cost on labor by employing Hispanics for lower pay. There is a downside to employin g workers for lower pay is the impact on government debt. Because workers are using government programs and schools but not paying taxes it depletes government spending. Marketing and consumer behavior is becoming increasing important in the Hispanic-American culture in the United States.Cuban Americans do not have rights in and liberty and flee to the United States not as immigrants but political refugees seeking freedom. Cuban Americans had the highest rate of business ownership among Hispanic groups, with approximately one ethnic-owned enterprise for every 16 Cuban Americans (MSN, Ecarta). Cubans are generally Roman Catholics; however, it has been greatly modified to â€Å"syncretism† by large amounts of support since Catholicism’s early introduction into Cuban’s history. (â€Å"Religion in,† n. d. Mexican Americans, Cubans, Puerto Ricans and El Salvadorians are just to name a few who are a part of the Hispanic group. But each and every one of these gr oups shares a part of their Hispanic culture with one another, but they also vary in distinguished ways. Although they share the Spanish language the dialect can be different and the words pronounced the same many have different meanings, which gives them the distinctiveness within their group. Hispanic Americans, on the basis of language have a rich cultural identity (Noble, J and LaCasa, J).Being able to speak the Spanish language gives you a competitive edge in the job market. Being bilingual is imperative to the Unites States economy. The Hispanic culture is becoming more involved in the politics. I believe many Hispanics follow the Republican Party more so than Democratic. Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans prefer liberal nominees in national and state elections. Hispanic Americans cultural variety is imitated in the different groups as well as in the foundations of the individual cultures.Hispanic culture has been known to be swayed to different degrees by many customs, but t he Cuban Americans stay within the culture tradition and stern values. Hispanic families raise their children to realize the importance of values, ethics, and respect for their elders and authority. The church plays a significant role in the quality of life and the greater part of the Hispanic community is Roman Catholic. I feel that is one of the Hispanic’s group strong point is the balance of spiritually and how it important to the family way of life. Hispanics are becoming a large part of the economy in the America and its community.The Hispanic culture is as unique and special as any other, and should be treated with the correct hospitality as anyone else. From pop music to food to political campaigns and corporate marketing the Hispanic community has made very strong present in the United States. I think as the years goes by we see that the Spanish community will become the majority, instead of the minority. I’m really drawn to the Hispanic ethic group. I admire t heir traditions and how they are very family oriented. The overall Spanish culture has brought a lot of traditions and culture to add the American diversity.Although current terms such as â€Å"Latino† and â€Å"Hispanic† function both as forms of self identification and also to mark Latin American populations in the United States as recognizable civic bodies, these terms, in their current popular manifestations, not only â€Å"refer to different dimensions of collective social experience,†(Flores, 2000,p. 194) Hispanic is pragmatic, because no matter what one says Hispanics first and foremost applies to Spaniards and this can be used to refer to Latin Americans and Latinos/as only secondarily or derivatively.Not only does Hispanic imply derivatively Spanish, but in many places it is associated with negative qualities: for example laziness, lax morals, lower class, deficient education, and so on. (Garcia, 2000)References www. wisegeek. com/what-is-the-difference -between-latino-chicano-and-hispanic. htm http://webhost. bridgew. edu/lasociedadlatina/articles/latinos%20or%20hispanics. pdf http://www. encarta. msn. com/encyclopedia_761587500/mexican_americans. html http://www. opensecrets. org/pubs/cubareport/roots. asp

Postnatal Depression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Postnatal Depression - Essay Example Single parentism or inadequate social support increases the burden to be borne by mothers in terms of their own health as well as monetary risks. Such a condition automatically causes mothers to show lesser positive, sensitive and responsiveness towards their babies. They develop more negative emotions and in worst cases thoughts of harming the children also persist. To conclude mothers with financial problems and lack of social security show greater tendency to develop PPD indicating that PPD is not a mental illness. The maternal mood is assessed using Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)-- the higher scaling indicating PPD as maximum and less scaling indicating minimum range. Women with PPD exhibit inconsistent child caring attitudes resulting in poor coping strategies (Murray and Cooper 1997). PPD women less likely respond to the sickness or necessities of the infant, or persuade the child with eating habits, less interest in breast feeding/healthy feeding or sleeping habits of their infants. This care less attitude with less sensitive and less positive interactions act as potential impedance in building a strong mutual emotional bond between the parents and the infant coupled with poor infant health and slowed physical growth like low birth weight. According to Murray (1992) PPD itself influences all dimensions of the mother's life. It is known to affect mother's physical functioning, physical role, mental health, emotional role, social functioning, vitality, and also her general health. To conclude the PPD mothers are not fully equipped in providing justice to parenthood of a new born. Under such circumstances fathers have a vital role to play where h is presence probably buffering the situation tries to compensates the mother-infant relationship strained by PPD, establishing a joyful and affectionate bond with secured child-father attachment. However much studies and investigation in knowing about father-infant relationship is much under due. Effects of PPD on infants The intensity of PPD depends on its severity and duration. The recent psychiatric studies have revealed that young children are sensitive to their parent's affection and their parental attachment depends on their past intimacy. Hence apart from the genetics, personal interaction between the parent-child, play a major role in the psychological outcome of the child where infants at their young age adapt and respond well to their parents behaviors and interactions. Tests conducted have shown that boy babies are more sensitive to PPD impacts in comparison with girl babies and this vulnerability continues with time. According to Rutter (1989) the impact of PPD on infants could be i) It could shed direct deleterious effects on the child ii) indirect impact through interpersonal behavior in general and in parenting in particular iii) Through social adversity associated with psychiatric

Primitivism, Tradition, and Modernity in the Expressionist Art's Assignment - 1

Primitivism, Tradition, and Modernity in the Expressionist Art's Political Implications - Assignment Example Bloch also claimed that Lukacs simplified expression based on the movement theories rather than the expression art. According to Bloch, expression was not progressive but conservative. Judging from Nolde's art account, Bloch arguments were correct as art was not based on culture because over 300 artworks belonging to Noldes were removed from the museum (Lloyd 91). Nolde's defense of exotic art and permittivity was brought about by his efforts to renew Germany art. In his work, Noldes wanted to represent the tribal artifacts of different community’s tradition both western and nonwestern. Nolde's also created work of art which represented spiritual painting which served as spiritual counter images to modern urban change fragmentations and fractures. Primitive art had some values which he considered important and wanted German artists to emulate. The primitive art showed or served as the light to modern society. Individuals could see primitive art and focus on their current life in society.

Outsourcing with pros and cons Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Outsourcing with pros and cons - Research Paper Example There are several reasons why many firms utilize outsourcing of their services, such as enhanced efficiency, cost reductions, increased flexibility and focus on core competencies. Outsourcing offers many benefits, although clearly with many caveats. The loss of skilled, expert staff is expected with outsourcing. Other risks involved with outsourcing include: loss of innovation, creativity, and flexibility and loss of control, continuity, and cooperation. However, these risk associated with outsourcing can be controlled and minimized if executed effectively. The immediate challenge facing organizations is how to make an informed offshore outsourcing decision that maximizes the benefits while minimizing the risks. An effective way to achieve the goal is to inquire how decision-makers comprehend and evaluate the factors affecting their offshore outsourcing decision. Abstract Outsourcing allows organization to reduce cost and concentrate on its core competences and to improve its activit ies. Although, outsourcing is an attractive strategy bounded by appealing benefits but it also contains some significant risks. However, these risk associated with outsourcing can be controlled and minimized if executed effectively. The immediate challenge facing organizations is how to make an informed offshore outsourcing decision that maximizes the benefits while minimizing the risks. An effective way to achieve the goal is to inquire how decision-makers comprehend and evaluate the factors affecting their offshore outsourcing decision. Abstract Outsourcing allows organization to reduce cost and concentrate on its core competences and to improve its activities. Although, outsourcing is an attractive strategy bounded by appealing benefits but it also contains some significant risks. However, these risk associated with outsourcing can be controlled and minimized if executed effectively. The immediate challenge facing organizations is how to make an informed offshore outsourcing deci sion that maximizes the benefits while minimizing the risks. An effective way to achieve the goal is to inquire how decision-makers comprehend and evaluate the factors affecting their offshore outsourcing decision. Outsourcing with Pros and Cons Introduction Outsourcing has become one of the most important management activities in recent years (Bromage, 2000). To outsource or not to outsource is one of the questions managers are increasingly asking themselves (Gunn, 2003). It is necessary to examine the degree of outsourcing and its pros and cons. The author posits that outsourcing is very beneficial to the growth of a company as it allows organization to reduce cost and to concentrate on its core competences and improve its activities. Outsourcing Outsourcing, as it applies to manufactured goods, is the practice of moving production to an outside supplier. Companies send this work to other domestic facilities or offshore. The outsourced activities can be thought of as new intermedi ate inputs or completed imports, shifting the entire production function done at home (Robert and Gordon, 1999). The outsourcing firm can then experience a reduction in the amount of labor required to continue operation. Outsourcing is a practice being used increasingly by organizations in order to combat the competitive forces within the global manufacturing sector. According to Michael Corbett, Firms extensively â€Å"use outsourcing everyday to improve the products and services they provide customers†¦. More than 90 percent of companies state it is an important part of their overall business strategy.†(Corbett, 2004: p. 3) Pros of Outsourcing Cost Savings Cost savings is the most important and most commonly cited reason for outsourcing. According to Burmahl (2001) cost savings is among the top reason to outsource. Cost-savings calculations encompass fixed costs, which include capital and administrative overhead; variable costs, which include specific supplies, service s, and labor cost for all personnel

Lab assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Lab assignment - Essay Example We are aware that during the judgement day, God will judge us in accordance to our actions. Therefore, in my own view, everything lives in God just as the article suggests. Pentecostalism as suggested by the article â€Å"The Origins and Impact of Pentecostalism† originated from the days of the apostles in the day of the Pentecost. The denomination then spread to other parts of the world, winning many followers. According to Fisher (2013) â€Å"Over time, this tradition has ï ¬â€šowered into different groups, including fun-damentalists, mainline Protestant evangelicals, the Holiness movement, and Pentecostals.† Although there are difficulties in determining the truth of the theory, I chose to believe that Pentecostalism begun from somewhere. However, I cannot fully concur with the author on its initial beginning. Jesus taught through a number of ways, such as through parables and miracles. However, throughout his teachings, he gave a lot of emphasis on three pillars that he regarded as the most essential in the lives of human beings. Jesus taught about three most important pillars that are most important to a human being, which include righteousness, prayer, and fasting. The article also suggests that if we repent God forgives of our sins as the article suggests, â€Å"Those who sincerely repent—even if they are the hated toll-collectors, prostitutes, or ignorant common people—are more likely to receive God’s forgiveness than are the learned and self-righteous† (Fisher, 2013). Personally, I conquer with this as Jesus emphasised that no sin is too big to be forgiven. The beatitudes as Jesus taught are qualities of life that increase our happiness as well as makes us receive more blessings from God. If we follow the beatitudes, we increase our relationship with God and this improves our inner happiness. Fisher (2013) suggests that â€Å"that those who considered themselves superior were more at odds with God than those who were aware of their sins†, which

Critical evaluation of Intercontinental hotel network Essay

Critical evaluation of Intercontinental hotel network - Essay Example Aspects to be considered will include hardware and software, in addition to strategies and policies. Various methods of research will be undertaken regarding the software and hardware. A findings chapter will be included which will talk about shortfalls of the existing system in the hotel. At the end of this investigation, an improvement of the system will be suggested. This project will be based on a critical evaluation of the Intercontinental Hotel Network. It will examine the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) network of the hotel based in Hyde Park, London. Based on the critical evaluation of the network a new and improvised network will be suggested. The 120 staff members of the hotel will be connected to the network. There will be adequate provisions for security of the network. All the computers will be connected to the main server. In addition, the hotel will have the facility to provide wireless Internet service to its guests, who will be able to connect to the Internet from any of the 460 rooms. The recommended network will include teleworking facility for the staff over a secure network environment. All the latest ICT innovations will be incorporated in the design to make the network state-of-the-art and to offer the maximum advantage to the hotel, its customers and its personnel. The upgraded network will utilize cutting edge technologies such as Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), Virtual LAN (VLAN), Virtual Private Network (VPN) and Voice over IP (VoIP) over the network. Security will be assured through the use of fir ewalls, a reliable security and password policy and. enterprise antivirus solutions. This project aims at looking at the existing system in the hotel, critically evaluating it and then recommending possible improvements and changes in the system, based on the latest

Communication in business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Communication in business - Essay Example BASF is headquartered in Ludwigshafen, Germany3. II. Aspect of BASF social performance: Verbund BASF always prided itself with its â€Å"Verbund† philosophy which meant total integration strategy which provided the company a competitive edge by improving its efficiency by restructuring4. One of the aspect of Verbund for instance is how they used byproducts of their production which could have been discarded as waste as an input for other production. Concretely is how BASF ingeniously capture heat energy into its plants and convert it into power to drive other machines in their plants5. Verbund has also allowed BASF to extend itself to a wide array of product lines with a well diversified revenue portfolio that brings in stability in the company while catering to a broader customer base6. But this concept of Verbund or integration which is the core of BASF corporate philosophy might have been taken into excess because it has been sued 35 class actions for price fixing in violat ion of the Anti-trust Law the United States. In the same vein, it was also sued in the United Kingdom for infringement of Fair Trade Policy (UK’s equivalent for Antitrust) for unethically â€Å"integrating† with other companies to the point of collusion that retards the mechanism of the market. III. Details of the case against BASF It is quite bothersome for a huge company such as BASF which is considered to be the largest chemical company in the world has 35 class action suit filed against it in the United States alone7. It indicates that there is something wrong with the company’s business practices. If it was only several cases, it could have been dismissed as a nuisance, but with 35 class action suits, the cases are worth to look at because it appears to be a business trend which is not exactly ideal. The cases hurled against BASF are serious that ranged from unfair company practice such as violation on anti-trust laws on price fixing, to exposing its employ ees to contaminated chemicals in the production of its fertilizers. Both allegations are serious offenses for it boils down to unfair business practice and total disregard for its employees’ safety and well-being. The lawsuit begun in 2004 when BASF together with Huntsman, Bayer, Dow and LyondellBasell were accused of price fixing. They were accused of price fixing â€Å"propylene  oxide (PO)-based polyether  polyols; methyl di-p-phenylene isocyanate (MDI); and  toluene  di-isocyanate (TDI) that were purchased from 1 January 1999 through 31 December 20048†. All of the parties that were accused opted to settle out of court with BASF offering a settlement amount of $51 million. It denied guilt to price fixing and justified that it was settling to save itself with the cost of a dragged litigation and the distraction of court hearing that will bother the company. This may have been approved by the Department of Justice in December of 2011 but still, the company is still facing a separate price fixing lawsuit from its isocyanates customers9.   Apparently, BASF has also a Fair Trading (Antitrust version in United Kingdom) case in UK which indicates that their alleged price fixing practices are not isolated in the US10. In Brazil, BASF together with Shell also faced class lawsuits and was in fact convicted to pay damages to its former employees. The class lawsuit was about contaminating its â€Å"

The advantages of getting a good knowledge and learning in community Term Paper

The advantages of getting a good knowledge and learning in community - Term Paper Example One of the main advantages of getting a good knowledge and learning in the community is the reduction in illiteracy. Reduction in illiteracy means that there is an increase in literacy and knowledge. Reduction in illiteracy is also associated with a decrease in unemployment. The question is, how is getting a good education and knowledge connected with an increase in knowledge and the reduction in unemployment? It can be said that as an individual; if one obtains a good education and knowledge, and later on becomes a parent, he or she is likely to pass on the obtained education and knowledge to his or her children. Dummett, Hughes, and Stephenson (2013) reported â€Å"The problem often is that such knowledge is stored only in local people’s minds, and it is passed from generation to generation.† (p. 130). Nevertheless, a strong and formal education background enables the child to learn beyond what the community he or she resides in, hence, adding to their knowledge. Enha nced knowledge goes a long way in reducing unemployment. An examination of the Arab Spring indicates that the Arab spring can be associated with the large rates of unemployment. Hamdan (2011) notes that quantity in place of quality is not appropriate for education. Passing on quality education and knowledge to each generation ensures that they gain the required concepts and ideas that they can use to develop self-employment. Self-employment means that the persons making up a large part of these generations become job creators and not job seekers. In turn, this reduces the unemployment levels by having the job creators employ more and more persons. Another advantage of getting a good education and knowledge is sustainable human development. McKeown (n.d.) opines that education is an important tool for attaining sustainability. Development alone is not enough if it cannot be sustained.

Tesla in Automotive industry Strategy project Essay Example for Free

Tesla in Automotive industry Strategy project Essay 1. Introduction The Encyclopaedia Brittanica defined the automotive industry as all the companies and activities involved in the manufacturing of motor vehicles, including most components, such as bodies and engines; but excluding tires, batteries and fuel1. The automotive industry started with the production of what is widely considered to be the first ever automobile, the Benz Patent-Motorwagen in 1886. Although the first car was originally manufactured in Germany, in the many decades to come, the United States led the world in total automobile production until the start of the 21st century, when China took the top position. Today, China produces nearly 20 million units per year, almost double the amount of the United States. It is one of the world’s most important sectors when measured by revenue and it is a business that is still growing significantly. Last year for example, over 87 million automobiles were produced worldwide, a 3. 6% increase compared to the year before and a 43. 82% increase compared to 20032. Needless to say, the automotive industry is big business and it is very probable there are business opportunities that are yet to be exploited. Tesla Motors is an American car manufacturer that tried to exploit such a business opportunity. It’s an American company that designs and manufactures electric vehicles and electric car components3. Founded in 2003, Tesla’s goal was to lessen the world’s dependence on petroleum-based transportation and drive down the cost of electric vehicles. Moreover, Tesla’s aim is to prove that electric vehicles can be awesome as well4. This might not sound particularly unique, but Tesla Motors does have a very distinct strategy in the sense that it wants to enter the automotive market by first focusing on high-end luxury cars and sports cars. Later, when Tesla’s products and consumers acceptance have matured, they would move into the market for the middle-class consumer, which is larger but also significantly more competitive5. The idea is to establish a strong brand name at first, which will aid the company in a later stage when the decision is made to start producing lower-priced automobiles. Tesla’s first 1 http://global. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/45050/automotive-industry 2 http://www. oic a. net/category/production-statistics/ 3 http://www. te slamotors. com/ 4 http://www. teslamotors. com/about 5 http://www. greenc arreports. com/news/1022275_msnbc-calls-ev-drivers-lunatic-fringe 3 model, the Roadster, had a base price of approximately $100. 0006. Their second car, Model S, is priced at $63. 750 including a $7. 500 tax credit. The company now has plans to launch a $30,000 small SUV the Tesla Model X 7. Eventually, Tesla wants to become a mass producer of electric vehicles and service both upper- and middle-class customers8 This discussion aims to analyze Tesla’s strategy. It is clear that Tesla has a very differentiated strategy and we will want to determine whether or not Tesla is likely to succeed in achieving its goals and become a successful enterprise. Firstly, we will take closer look at the ‘environmental’ automotive industry using Porter’s theory. Secondly, we need to closely look at Tesla’s strategy. How will Tesla try to win a respectable share of the market? As mentioned before, Tesla is a very young company and it will inevitably face fierce competition from incumbent firms. A clear plan to establish a foothold in such a market will be essential for the firm’s survival. The next step is to see if Tesla identified all relevant factors and industry forces, and if it has defined a strategy that takes all of these elements into account. It will surely need to attain a unique strategy if it wants to position itself in a key position in the market. What is it exactly that differentiates Tesla from other car manufacturers and in what way could this be beneficial for the firm? Does their strategy have a high chance of success? How can Tesla create a network of electric chargers? Before evaluating Tesla’s strategy, we must first clearly take a closer look at the company Tesla Motors itself and define the market in which the company is active. Even though they are currently operating in a smaller niche market (mid to high-end luxury cars), the plan is to eventually address the middle-class consumer and enter the ‘standard’ automobile market. This will inevitably complicate our discussion but it is essential for determining the chance of success. The paper includes a discussion on the high entry barriers that are typically associated in the automotive industry and the possible presence of strategic entry barriers raised by incumbent firms to reduce the likelihood of new entrants. We will also mention any other strategies adopted by firms in the automotive industry who want to improve their competitive position. Furthermore, the extent to which the industry is concentrated will be discussed, as well as the possible presence of strategic complements and substitutes. Moreover, Tesla will also need to take the non-market environment into consideration. Typical for the automotive sector is that it is an industry with very strict safety regulations. Tesla of course will also 6 http://jalopnik. com/5135290/tesla-increases-prices-on-already-ordered-roadsters 7 http://onpoint. wbur. org/2009/09/25/teslas-elon-musk-on-a-sub-30000-electric-car 8 http://www. marketwatch. com/ story/strategic-corporate-profile-of-tesla-motors-global-operations-2014-01-13 4 have to face the challenge of producing vehicles that respect these requirements. On top of that, the relatively recent discovery of global warming, partially caused by car emission (CO2), has led to the implementation of a series of emission standards that aim to reduce the greenhouse gasses emitted by petroleum-powered vehicles. This may not seem relevant for Tesla Motors at first since its goal is to produce electric vehicles. These regulations are however accompanied with a credit system, which means that car manufacturers that do not meet the standard are penalized and have to buy credits from other manufacturers that have a surplus of credits9. Since Tesla Motors only produces emissions-free vehicles, it has a major surplus of credits which it can sell to other car manufacturers. General Motors for example has to buy additional credits from Tesla in order to respect the regulation. This implies large transfers of wealth across car manufacturers. As a result, companies selling cars with a (too) high emission must raise prices to pay for the credits. On the other hand, the beneficiaries of these wealth transfers such as Tesla can now use the extra revenue to lower prices and take on a more competitive position in the market. All of this will of course be discussed more thoroughly in our discussion below. The paper concludes with a summary of the discussion and our prognosis regarding the future success of Tesla Motors in the automotive industry. 2. Market definition This paper only looks at models available in the US because it’s the largest electric car market, the EU is the second largest market but is much more complex because EU-countries have different legislation for electric cars. Some countries have large subsidies for electric cars and thus large market shares such as Norway, on the other hand some countries have almost no market share. The Model S is the only available model at the moment targeting the middle to high-end luxury car market. This model costs between 63. 750$(base model, 7500$ tax credit) and 125. 220 $(full option, 7500$ tax credit). 10 Because the model S is all electric, we can compare the car to slighter cheaper models because of lower long term ownership cost thanks to lower cost for electricity compared to fuel. The base model is a full-size 5 adult seat sedan powered by a fully electric 60 kW-h motor achieving 302hp. Top speed is relatively low at around 200km/h but acceleration is very good at 5. 9 seconds to 100 km/h, this is typical for an electric engine. More expensive models offer better range and performance and a warranty with unlimited kilometers on the battery for 8 years compared to 200. 000km for 8 years on the base model. 9 http://mitsloanexperts. mit. edu/californias-auto-emissions-policy-hits-a-tesla-pothole/ 10 Teslamotors. com 5 We will consider the mid to high-end luxury market containing one electric the Tesla, a couple of hybrids and a lot of traditional cars. Mid-end starts at prices of approximately 50. 000 $ with cars such as the BMW 5-serie, Audi A6 and Mercedes E-class. 11 High end stops at prices above 130. 000$. For the following analyses we will sometimes look at broader markets containing cheaper alternatives because even though these cars aren’t substitutes they are still relevant. Research show that tesla owners were most likely to previously own a Toyota prius hybrid or secondly luxury BMW and Mercedes. 12 3. Industry attractiveness and profitability In this section the overall attractiveness of the ‘environmental’ automotive industry is assessed using Porter’s influential five forces model. The term environmental indicates those vehicles that do not solely rely on the combustion of fossil fuels to power their engine. Examples are electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). Both the pure electric automotive industry as well as the overarching environmental automotive industry is presented, as these cannot always be seen separately. In his model, Michael Porter identifies five key competitive forces that determine the structure and profitability of a certain industry. The five forces are the bargaining power of suppliers, the bargaining power of buyers, the threat of substitutes, the threat of entry and the rivalry among existing competitors. Porter’s model enables managers, in an easy and straightforward way, to understand their industry environment and to shape their firm’s strategy accordingly. As a rule of thumb, the stronger the five forces, the lower the industry’s profit potential and hence the industry’s attractiveness to competitors. The most influential forces that have shaped and continue to shape the environmental automotive industry are discussed in the following paragraphs. A first restraint on the overall profitability of a firm is the bargaining power of its suppliers. For the environmental automotive industry the bargaining power varies among the suppliers of different components. An important component in the construction of hybrid and electric vehicles is the battery. The bargaining power of the battery companies is low as there are a lot of manufacturers present on the market. Tesla Motors, for instance, buys Li-ion cells from different manufacturers. Consequently, in the case any problems occur with a particular battery supplier, Tesla can easily switch or threaten to switch to other suppliers at low costs. Among others, Tesla works together with Daimler AG and Panasonic to develop battery packs and chargers (Boyke, Cheng, Clevers, Schroeder, Strupp, 2010). Another important component of any vehicle is the chassis. For the construction of the chassis 11 http://buyersguide. caranddriver. com 12 h%p://www. wired. com/2014/03/tesla-model-s-toyota-prius/ 6 specialized engineering skills are required. These skills can often be obtained through strategic partnerships with other car manufacturing companies. In the case of such strategic interdependence the bargaining power of the suppliers is higher than in the ‘take-it-or-leave-it’ battery case. In the past Tesla had an exclusive partnership with Lotus for the physical construction of the Roadster13. As of recently Tesla and Toyota Motor Corporation also agreed to cooperate on the development of electric vehicles, parts, the production system and engineering support14. In conclusion, however, the overall bargaining power of suppliers in the automotive industry is low. The supplier firms must contend with substitute products for sale to the industry. Tesla has more than 150 suppliers around the world, which provide over 2000 parts to Tesla. For the production of the Model S, Tesla uses a highly integrated manufacturing approach, even negotiating with suppliers to manufacture products on site to use the excess capacity. In this way, the integrated approach enables Tesla to alleviate its dependence on supplier performance (Boyke, Cheng, Clevers, Schroeder, Strupp, 2010). A second force that determines the profitability in an industry is the bargaining power of buyers. The bargaining power of buyers concerns the pressure buyers can put on the margins of producers by demanding a lower price or a higher product quality. In the environmental automotive industry the bargaining power of buyers is rather low. For Tesla in particular this is even more so. For starters, Tesla does not sell products in bulk. This means that for the consumers that purchase the finished products no real scale effects are present. Moreover, Tesla has a quite unique position on the market. Tesla is the only manufacturer on the US market that produces high-end, full electric cars that can drive autonomously for over 400 km. By employing a highly skilled, technocratic labour force and management team, Tesla has branded itself as a cutting-edge, innovative firm. They manufacture high quality electric vehicles that are very performing while being environmental-friendly and fun at the same time. The buyers of the Model S also have the possibility to entirely customize the vehicle to their taste. This creates a sense of exclusivity among the clients. Besides the B2C applications Tesla has also established a strong position in the B2B environment 15. Tesla for example licenses its patented processes and technologies to other companies. Especially in the area of battery technology 13 http://www. teslamotors. com/blog/lotus-position 14 http://www.teslamotors. com/about/press/releases/tesla-motors-and-toyota-motor-corporation- intend-work-jointly-ev-development-tm 15 http://www. slideshare. net/joseangeldf/darden-school-of-business-tesla-strategic-analysis 7 and the construction of ‘supercharging’ stations Tesla has a lot of expertise16. The proper licensing of these assets will benefit the entire environmental automotive industry as a whole. An especially important force in the electric automotive industry is the threat of substitutes from outside the given industry. Hybrid vehicles and more specifically PHEV provide a similar functionality as the full electric vehicles. Those manufacturers within these strongly related industries, which produce vehicles and services with an attractive price and performance, pose a serious threat to the established electric car manufacturers. For the Model S the most important substitutes are those mid to high-end hybrids. These vehicles offer low emissions and a good fuel economy at a similar price as the Model S. The most successful alternatives within the US automotive industry are discussed in the next chapter. In the specific price range of the Model S the threat of substitutes is still limited as Tesla is gradually positioning itself as a high-value, exclusive and environmental brand with a growing number of enthusiasts17. Nonetheless, a possible future expansion into the mid-end and low- end market segment will significantly increase the threat of substitutes. There are, however, some complementing factors that might reduce the threat of substitutes both for Tesla as well as the electric automotive industry in a whole. The scope for future development in battery technology, the presence of several tax and parking incentives for electric vehicles and the expected rise in oil prices in comparison to electricity prices might spur the attractiveness of the electric automotive industry. These market dynamics both play on the level of customers as well as producers. One possible negative factor in the realisation of potential sales is the low availability of charging and home charging facilities. However, Tesla Motors is addressing this issue by investing heavily in strategically located charging facilities and by expanding the power and endurance of the battery pack 18. Tesla’ s battery pack technology is critical to the company’ s positioning and competitive differentiation. The low cost of the battery pack allows Tesla to not only design cars with battery ranges greater than the competition but also place equal emphasis on design, performance, and energy efficiency. On the short term, the threat of new entrants in the electric US market is rather limited because of several entry barriers. The industry is characterised by high capital requirements and high sunk costs. 16 http://www. sl ate. com/articles/technolog y/technolog y/2013/05/tesla_model_s_the_electric_car_compa ny_is_a_little_bit_apple_a_little_bit. html 17 http://www. wikiwealth. com/five-forces:tesla-motors, http://www. teslamotors.com/blog-and-press- releases. 18 http://www. slideshare. net/joseangeldf/darden-school-of-business-tesla-strategic-analysis, http://www. reuters. com/article/2014/02/26/us-tesla-battery-panasonic-idUSBREA1O1MF20140226, http://www. t eslamotors. com/supercharger 8 Moreover, advanced, often patented, technologies and processes as well as a highly skilled workforce are required to successfully manufacture an electric car. The success of a firm in the industry is also largely determined by its brand image and the realisation of economies of scale19. Therefore, it is not easy for a potential new entrant to establish a foothold. This is even enhanced by the fact that the incumbent firms have a large and flexible production capacity that can be used as a retaliation device in case of entry (Boyke, Cheng, Clevers, Schroeder, Strupp, 2010). However, established vehicle manufacturers with deep pockets that have currently missed the ‘environmental train’ or disruptive innovators like Tesla Motors might overcome these entry barriers in the long run. The current competition in the US environmental automotive industry is moderate. Only a few major brands are competing. Because of the high entry barriers and the threat of substitutes not a lot of brands risk burning cash in an innovative and insecure business. However, as the sector matures and more people consider switching to an electric car this will change. In a recent report of the Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI) a global goal of 20 million electric passenger cars, including plug-in hybrid vehicles, battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and fuel cell electric vehicles, in stock by 2020 is set forward. This is still a long way to go as the total worldwide electric vehicle stock at the end of 2012 only amounted to a large 180. 000 units. In 2012, 38. 585 PHEVs and 14. 592 BEVs were sold in the US. The cumulative stock in the US in 2012 was 71. 174 units (Clean Energy Ministerial, Electric Vehicles Initiative, International Energy Agency, 2013). In 2013 roughly 96. 000 electric vehicles were sold in the US environmental automotive industry(including hybrids)20. The three top selling brands are the Chevrolet Volt, the Nissan Leaf and the Tesla Model S. It is clear that the popularity of electric vehicles has significantly increased over the last few years. It is expected that this trend will only continue in the future as the number of models on the market increases. The share of electric cars is still only about 3,5% of the total number of cars that are sold annually in the US market21. Hence, the growth potential of the environmental automotive industry is huge, this both on a domestic as well as an international level. In conclusion of this section an assessment is made of the overall profitability of the environmental automotive industry. As previously argued, the bargaining power of suppliers and buyers is rather limited in the industry. Therefore, the vehicle manufacturers can attract more profits than their up- and downstream partners. The industry is also characterised by several entry barriers, especially on the 19 http://www. wikiwealth. com/five-forces:tesla-motors 20 http://www. greencarreports. com/news/1089443_plug-in-electric-car-sales-for-2013-almost-double- last-years 21 http://electricdrive. org/index. php? ht=d/sp/i/20952/pid/20952 9 short term. The effective prevention of possible entrants reduces the pressure on prices and allows incumbent firms to attract a significant share of the profits. The threat of substitutes is one of the most important restrictors on the profitability within the industry. Because of the similarity in functions between electric brands and hybrid brands it is important for the incumbent firms to create a positive consumer image towards their products. The growth potential of EVs is the most important driver of future profitability of the industry. Until now incumbent firms have undertaken a lot of RD initiatives in the area of battery and charging technologies. The sales numbers in the US market show that these investments are finally starting to pay-off. In the long run, with a growing global popularity of EVs, it is to be expected that also other companies will consider entering the environmental automotive industry. 4. Tesla in the market Tesla differentiates itself by producing environmental responsible cars that have all the benefits of a luxury vehicle. By equally emphasizing on speed, handling, design, comfort, and zero-emissions, Tesla creates a unique balance between performance, efficiency and aesthetics. Through the offering of this first fully electric luxury sedan car, Tesla attained a first mover advantage. Together with its ‘Silicon Valley’ culture, an approach that is innovative, competitive, and effective, Tesla achieved a solid brand name in the automotive market. (Mangram, 2012) Tesla’s battery technology is also critical to the company’s competitive advantage. With its cutting-edge battery technology, combined with essential technology research, Tesla is able to design and produce electric cars with a far greater range than its competitors. Its lithium-ion based battery, for instance, is 250 kilograms lighter compared and has a range of up to 500 kilometers. Bron ? vergeleken met wat ? But even with a supercharger a full charge is approximately one hour. Moreover the company produces many of its key parts in-house, thus making it harder for competitors to replicate. With the expansion of its own retail shops and the establishment of a network of free recharging points for its customers, Tesla keeps challenging the traditional car companies (The Economist, 2013). Tesla’s main strategy can be seen as a reflection of the innovative marketing approach Apple used for its ingenious technology. It holds that any new technology is often very expensive and wealthy customers are regularly the first to accept it. Consequently, Tesla produced its first vehicle, the Roadster, for the premium sports car consumer segment. Nowadays, with the production of the Model S Sedan, the middle to upper- middle class consumers are being targeted. Finally, by 2015 Tesla plans to produce and market an electric car available at a mass-market consumer price range (Tesla Motors, 10 2014). Although this ‘Apple Computer’s business model’ is considered to be rather exceptional in the automobile industry it helped the company to position itself as groundbreaking, self-determining, and cool. Tesla BMW Daimler AG General Motors Toyota Revenue 2 billion 60 billion 117 billion 155 billion 22 trillion Net Income -74 000 2 billion 6,4 billion 5,35 billion 962 billion Sales Growth 387% 7,2 % 3,22 % 2,08 % 18,73 % The luxury car market is highly competitive, with several incumbent companies with loyal customers. Tesla’s main competitors in the luxury car segment are BMW, General Motors, Toyota and Mercedes. While the number of any competitive electric car is still low, an increase can be expected. General Motor’s Chevrolet Volt is one of the main competing vehicles in the market. It covers a wide target market and comes at a notable lower price than Tesla’s Model S. Toyota remains the global leader when it comes to selling hybrids. Although Toyota has 4 electric cars (the Prius, the RAV4 EV, the FCHV fuel cell car, and the Scio IQ-EV), it strategically collaborates with Tesla to improve the electric car development. This alliance has been one of the main factors of Tesla’s growth as Tesla consumers can get customer service in Toyota sites (Toyota Motor Corporation, 2014). The chart compares Tesla’s main competitors on the basis of revenue, net income and sales growth. As we can see, its sales growth is overwhelming. Given that is a rather new company, it indicates its rapid expansion on the electric car market. However, Tesla’s net income remains negative. Nonetheless, the company’s share is currently being traded at 20 times its earning, and as the company continues to grow these numbers are expected to rise. According to an article by Wall Street, 43 new hybrid, electric, and fuel-cell vehicles will be produced in the US market by 2015. Moreover, the market share of alternative fuel cars will increase from 3% in 2012 to almost 5% in 2014 (Wall Street, 2013). New electric vehicle entrants and existing plug-in hybrids manufactures will continue to compete with Tesla in the near future. While the traditional car manufactures are firmly entrenched, Tesla’s competitive advantages could develop to the securing of a significant market share in the electric car market. 5. Sustainability of the competitive advantage. This chapter analyses the degree of sustainability of Tesla’s competitive advantage. First the relevant trends and developments in the automotive industry are briefly reviewed. Furthermore, the 11 predominant isolating mechanisms in force given the market position of Tesla are discussed. We argue Tesla is a textbook example of a disruptive technology. To conclude, strategy recommendations hereupon are formulated. The primordial focus of our analysis shifts in this chapter from the luxury car market to the overarching automotive industry. The rational hereof is clear-cut. On the one hand, the trend analysis for the automotive industry applies to and sufficiently covers the luxury car segment. On the other hand, Tesla continuously voices the strategy to level down through the segments. Furthermore, the majority of car manufacturers produce for multiple segments of the industry. The sustainability of Tesla’s competitive advantage thus strongly depends on the industry rather than the Model S market segment. 1. 1 Trends in the automotive industry The automotive industry is, may be argued, rather conservative. The market structure is little dynamic, without change in market leading firms for long. Furthermore, the industry evolved the past century merely through optimising the traditional ‘automobile’, with limited major breakthroughs. To illustrate, though fuel efficiency and exhaust of the combustion engine has greatly improved, working principles remain unchanged. The emergence of (electrical) alternatives that are sold commercially is only a recent phenomenon. We review three developments that will impact the automotive industry. First, the society-wide surge of environmentalism a fortiori impacts the automotive industry. A thickening body of government actions forces car manufacturers to produce cleaner cars. This both directly, through legislation (e.g. CO2 output limits for new cars), or indirectly by altering consumer behaviour through excises or tax incentives. Furthermore, consumers are increasingly environmentally conscious. Bottom-line, car sales undeniably grow more eco-friendly. Furthermore, the panoply of driver assisting technology that brakes automatically for obstacles or parks the car will be further developed. Self-driving cars may be short-term everyday reality, with Google pulling the cart. Lastly, Gen Y is argued to focus on services rather than ownership. The emergence and success of car sharing by Zipcar or Cambio illustrates this shift in mentality for the automotive industry. 1. 2 The isolating mechanisms The electric car is strongly based on the century old inventions of Serbian engineer Nikola Tesla. We nevertheless argue that the electric car is a text book disruptive technology. This technology, spearheaded by Tesla, will herewith potentially overturn the automotive industry, challenging the 12 incumbents. The early-mover advantage in this creative destruction may enable Tesla to sustain its competitive advantage. The disruptive technology concept is extensively reviewed in the of literature. We apply the framework to the Tesla case. First, the environmental movement and increasing fuel prices created momentum for alternatives of the traditional combustion engine. Both incumbent car manufacturers and many start-ups invested in research. The hydrogen car made the press as a promising technology, but proved little feasible. Eventually the electric car showed market-viable. Many innovators inter alia Fisker, failed. However, as statistics dictate tech start-up Tesla got ahead in the race at the expense of dominant car manufacturers. The 2400 Tesla Roadsters produced, sales manifestly unattractive   toincumbents, were a great success and learning opportunity for the start-up. The Tesla Model S unprecedented battery range no longer forces consumers to trade off fuel efficiency for convenience. Herewith it can shift from niche product for wealthy eco-hipsters to head on competition for the traditional luxury sedan. The Model S proves superior to its competition threefold. First, the position of the battery pack lowers the gravity centre of the car for superior handling (and creates a spacious trunk in the back and front). The electric engine also delivers instant torque, further allowing sporty driving. Furthermore, the Model S was granted a record safety score of 5,4 out of 5. Lastly, electric engines are maintenance free. Note that the electric car still offers greater potential for technological progress than the more tried and tested combustion engine. The incumbent firms are wary of this potential shift to electric for the automotive industry, note the growing number of electric cars offered. However, extensively studied, the difference in investment dynamics with nimble start-ups impedes them to appropriately and successfully commit to the disruptive technology. The sunk cost and replacement effect are strong in this case. Therefore, it is Tesla that has a head start, with Daimler and Toyota asking the new kid on the block for help. The early-mover advantage of Tesla will sustain its competitive advantage threefold. First, we consider the economies of the learning curve. The first car manufacturer to fully grasp the paradigm shift Tesla benefits hereby manifold. The design-from-scratch approach is inevitable to exploit the electric car technology to the full. The Model S is a thus a step ahead of the build-on competitors, quickly adding to Tesla’s experience with every unit sold. Furthermore, the superior battery packs are en route to continue to offer greater range and faster charging at a lower unit cost. Note that Tesla supplies its electric powertrain to Toyota and Daimler, further adding to its cumulative experience. Moreover, the strong experience gained is further protected from imitation through multiple patents. The literature further arguments the reputation for quality to be an important source of early-mover advantage for experience goods. Thus, the brand image of an electric car brand may be considered important, notwithstanding the ubiquitous possibilities for test drives. Tesla has a rock solid reputation 13 for quality, though much like Apple it has irrational haters22. To illustrate, the Tesla recall threat due to 3 car fires was resolved by an overnight software update that would slightly raise the Model S when driving on the highway. The Tesla stock price had a field day23. Furthermore, the Model S production cannot keep up with sales. Herewith, Tesla doesn’t spend a dollar on marketing. Thirdly, Tesla benefits from network effects to sustain its competitive advantage. Tesla heavily invests in the supercharger network, that quickly expanding adds to the convenience of driving an electric car station by station. For competitors it is meanwhile.